What is Public Policy: Meaning And Nature PDF

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What is Public Policy PDF

What is Public Policy and Types of Public Policy

Public policies are as old as governments. Whatever the form, oligarchy, monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, or democracy, etc., – whenever and wherever governments have existed, public policies have been formulated and implemented.

To cope with the varied. problems and demands of the people the government has to make many policies, these policies are called public policies.

This Unit tries to explain the meaning and types of public policy. It will highlight the different components of a policy and distinguish between policy, decision, and goal.

An attempt will be made to bring out the relationship between politics and policy, and the importance and characteristics of public policy will also be discussed Before discussing the meaning of public policy, it would be better if we are clear about the relationship between public policy and politics. Policy making process is a part of politics and political action.

According to Gabriel Almond, the political system is a set of interactions having structures, each of which performs its functions to keep it like an ongoing concern, it is a set of processes that routinely converts inputs into outputs.

Almond classifies ill puts of the political system into generic functional categories like politics! socialization and recruitment, interest aggregation, interest articulation, and political communication.

Output activities are those that are carried on by a political system in response to demands or stresses placed upon the system in the form of inputs.

Outputs can take the form of governmental policies, programs, decisions, etc. Another model of the politics-policy relationship is the Feedback or the ‘Black Box Model’ coined by David Easton.

According to this model, the remaining demands that have not been included in the decisions and policies will again be fed back through the same process for their conversion into decisions.

These two models establish clear19 the relationship between politics and policies in a political system

Meaning Of Public Policy

There are various studies about public policy and many scholars have attempted to define public policy from different angles.

Before explaining the meaning of public policy, let us first go through some of its definitions. Robert EyeStone terms public policy as “the relationship of government unit to its environment.

Thomas R. Dye says that “public policy is whatever government chooses to do or not to do” Richard Rose says that “public policy is not a decision, it is a course or pattern of activity.

In Carl J. Friedrich’s opinion, public policy is a proposed course of action of a person, group, or government within a given environment providing opportunities and obstacles which the policy was proposed to utilize and overcome to reach a goal realize an objective, or purpose.

From these definitions, it is clear that public: policies are governmental decisions, and are the result of activities that the government undertakes in pursuance of certain goals and objectives.

It can also be said that public policy formulation and implementation involves a well-planned pattern or course of activity.

It requires a thoroughly close-knit relationship and interaction between the important governmental agencies viz., the political executive, legislature, bureaucracy, and judiciary.

The following points will make the nature of public policy more clear in your minds:

1) Public Policies are goal-oriented. Public policies are formulated and implemented to attain the objectives that the government has in view for the ultimate benefit of the masses in general. These policies spell out the programs of government.

2) Public policy is the outcome of the government’s collective actions. It means that it is a pattern or course of activity or the governmental officials and actors in a collective sense rather than being termed as their discrete and segregated decisions.

3) Public policy is what the government decides or chooses to do. It is the relationship of the government units to the specific field of political environment in a given administrative system. It can take a variety of forms like law, ordinances, court decisions, executive orders, decisions, etc.

4) Public policy is positive in the sense that it depicts the concern of the government ‘and involves its action to a particular problem on which the policy is made.

It has the sanction of law and authority behind it. Negatively, it involves a decision by governmental officials regarding not taking any action on a particular issue.

Author
Language English
No. of Pages11
PDF Size0.6 MB
CategoryEducation
Source/Creditsegyankosh.ac.in

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