Unit 3 Assessment Of Personality Complete PDF

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Methods And Measurement of Personality PDF

Personality assessment refers to the estimation of one’s personality makeup, that is the person’s characteristic behavior patterns and salient and stable characteristics.

There are different theoretical accounts of personality, and the question is how do people find out what kind of personality they have?

The methods of estimating measuring or assessing personality vary according to the theory of personality used to develop those methods.

However, most of the psychological professionals doing personality assessments do not necessarily tie themselves to one theoretical viewpoint only, rather they prefer to take an eclectic view of personality.

The eclectic view is a way of choosing the parts of different theories that seem to best fit a particular situation, rather than using only my theory to explain a phenomenon.

Looking at behavior from different perspectives can often bring insights into a person’s behavior that would not easily come from taking only one perspective (Ciccarelli and Meyer, 2006).

Therefore, many professional Assessments of Personality doing personality assessments use different perspectives and also take on different techniques for their assessment.

It is also important to note here that personality assessment may also differ concerning the purposes for which it is done.

For example, if the purpose is self-understanding, the person may select different tests/inventories, if the purpose is to classify persons as per their personality traits a different set of tests may be useful.

Finally, if the purpose is diagnostic (clinical psychologist, counselors, etc.) an entirely different set of tests may be more useful.

There are several tests/inventories which are available for the assessment of personality. Broadly, these can be grasped into one of the three categories. These are the subjective, objective, and projective methods.

The subjective approach incorporates the assessment of one’s personality taking his/her work into account e.g. what he or she has done throughout his/her life.

It may also consider his/her autobiographical accounts and biographies etc.

But there is a major limitation in that there are possibilities that the person may exaggerate his/her strengths and may minimize the account of his/her limitations and therefore we may be devoid of the true picture of personality.

In personality assessment, the effort is to make the assessment free from bias of any sort both from the subject/participant (whose personality is to be assessed) and from that of the assessor.

It presents that there are so many such tests/inventories whereby we can assess the personality of a person objectively and these are important tools for the purpose.

While some tests assess the surface characteristics, others uncover the underlying aspects of personality.

Among the major procedures that are in use currently, the important ones are those based on content relevance, empirical criterion keying, factor analyses, and personality theory.

Personality assessments may differ in the purposes for which they are conducted.

Personality assessment is used in the diagnosis of personality disorders by clinical and counseling psychologists, psychiatrists; and other psychological professionals.

Projective Techniques These techniques are assumed to reveal those central aspects of personality that lie in the unconscious mind of an individual.

Unconscious motivations, hidden desires, inner fears, and complexes are presumed to be elicited by their unstructured nature that affects the client’s conscious behavior.

The assignment of a relatively unstructured task is a major distinguishing feature of projective techniques. An unstructured task permits an endless range of possible responses.

The underlying hypothesis of projective techniques is that the way the test material or “structures” are perceived and interpreted by the individual, reflects the fundamental aspects of her or his psychological functioning.

In other words, the test material serves as a sort of screen on which respondents “project” their characteristic thought processes, anxieties, conflicts, and needs.

Clients are shown ambiguous visual stimuli by the psychologist and are asked to assess of Personality and tell what they see in those stimuli.

It is presumed that the client will project the unconscious concerns and fears onto the visual stimulus and thus the psychologist can interpret the responses and understand the psychodynamic underlying the problem of the client.

Tests that utilize this method are called projective tests. These tests, besides their function of exploring one’s personality, also serve as a diagnostic tool to uncover hidden personality issues.

The history of projective techniques began at the beginning of the 15th century when Leonardo da Vinci selected pupils based on their attempt to find shapes and patterns in ambiguous form (Piotrowski, 1972).

In 1879, a Word association test was constructed by Gallon. Similar tests were used in clinical settings by Carl Jung.

Later, Frank (1939, 1948) introduced the term projective method to describe a range of tests that could be used to study personality with unstructured stimuli.

This way, the individual has enough opportunity to project his personality attributes which in the course of a normal interview or conversation the person would not reveal.

More specifically, projective instruments also represent disguised testing procedures in the sense that the test takers are not aware of the psychological interpretation to be made of their responses.

Rather than measuring the traits separately, the attention is focused on the composite picture.

Finally, projective techniques are an effective tool to reveal the latent or hidden aspects of personality that remain embedded in the unconscious until uncovered.

These techniques are based on the assumption that if the stimulus structure is weak, it allows the individual to project his/ her feelings, desires, and needs that are further interpreted by the experts.

Assessment By Unqualified Persons

Examiners do not promote the use of psychological assessment tests and techniques by unqualified persons, except when such use is conducted for training purposes with appropriate supervision.

Again, it is remarkable that there are no established guidelines as to what qualifies an examiner to administer, score, and interpret assessment tests and techniques.

For example, is a single, graduate-level course that surveys all assessment tests and techniques sufficient
to qualify the person, or is supervised experience needed?

If supervised experience is needed, how long must the person be supervised, or for how many administrations, scoring, and interpretations?

Are continuing education programs or professional workshops needed to maintain one’s qualifications?

The development of such guidelines would make it easier both to identify professionals who are unqualified to use a specific assessment test or technique and for examiners and students learning the assessment test or technique, to
know whether they are competent.

Author
Language English
No. of Pages15
PDF Size0.1 MB
CategoryEducation
Source/Creditsegyankosh.ac.in

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