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World Air Quality Report
A map showing the distribution of global air quality monitoring shows clear gaps in Latin America, Africa, and Central Asia, despite these regions’ high populations and recent studies demonstrating high-risk factors for PM2.5 exposure in these regions.
In contrast, some places in North America, Europe, and Southeast Asia have much denser air quality monitoring networks.
However, recent efforts to fill the air quality monitoring gap have led to an increase in the number of air quality monitoring stations in Latin America, Africa, and Central Asia.
Independently operated air quality monitoring stations have shown great potential to resolve the inconsistent air quality monitoring coverage around the world.
Ongoing advances in low-cost monitors have made them a viable public option for countries, regions, and territories that lack government-run air quality monitoring stations.
These advances provide ease of deployment and allow operations in remote areas. Economical pricing lowers some of the economic barriers to building a dense network of stations due to the very low maintenance costs.
In 2022, independently operated low-cost air quality monitoring will provide the only real-time air quality data for Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bonaire, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, and Ecuador be provided. , French Polynesia, Gambia, Grenada, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Jersey, Latvia, Lebanon, Maldives, Moldova, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Panama, St. Eustatius and Saba, Sierra Leone, Oman, Papua New Guinea, South Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Timor Leste, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, U.S. Virgin Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Summary
In the East Asia region that included data from 1,283 cities in seven different countries and regions, China, Macau SAR, Hong Kong SAR, Mongolia, Taiwan, and South Korea all had reductions in annual average PM 2.5 concentrations, while Japan’s level Stayed.
Taiwan saw the largest reduction of 17.3 percent, rising from 16.2 pg/m² in 2021 to 13.4 ug/m³ in 2022. Despite being home to the world’s coldest capital, Ulaanbaatar, where the city’s residents often use coal fires to heat their homes, the country saw an 11 percent drop in PM2.5 concentrations in Mongolia.
This is promising news for a country where three of the top four leading causes of death in the country—heart disease, stroke, and respiratory infections—are known to be at increased risk, according to data based on the 2020 WHO Global Health Estimates. Factors resulting from chronic exposure to air pollution, 10
The reduction of concentrations in the Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan in 2022 was sufficient to achieve the WHO interim target of Level 3, with annual PM2.5 concentrations below 15 ug/m².
Of the 1,283 cities in the region, annual average PM2.5 concentrations increased in 558, remained the same in 53 cities, and decreased in 638 compared to the previous year. In 2022, none of the cities in the region achieved the WHO annual guideline PM2.5 concentrations of 5 pg/m³.
Houghton remains the most polluted city in the region with an annual average of 94.3 µg/m³, despite a concentration reduction of 7.1 percent. However, Houghton has dropped below the 100 ug/m³ mark for the first time since 2017.
It is one of 18 cities at or equal to 10 times the WHO guidelines. All of which are in China. The least polluted city in the region is Ogasawara in Japan, which maintained the previous year’s concentration of 5.3 µg/m³.
monitoring status
Government-run monitoring stations in the region continue to provide the best monitoring coverage in the world. China, Japan, and South Korea have a large number of government stations in the region.
China provides the most coverage of land area and monitors air quality for most people in the world.
The combination of Japan’s government-operated stations and non-government-operated sensors provides the highest monitoring resolution. China is home to the largest number of new cities.
Progress
China’s air quality continues to improve year by year. Nearly 64 percent of the 524 cities included in the data for this report saw a reduction in their annual PM2.5 concentrations. As a result, China’s annual PM2.5 concentration is expected to drop slightly from 32.6 ug/m³ in 2021 to 30.6 ug/m³ in 2022.
While all the most populous Chinese cities included in this report saw an improvement in PM2.5 levels with a decrease. From five percent (Chengdu) to 16 percent (Chongqing), none of the cities in the country have met WHO’s annual guideline of 5 pg/m2.
the challenges
China’s use of coal remains a matter of concern. China accounts for a large portion of the world’s coal production and use.” Coal combustion is a significant contributor to the country’s PM2.5 emission profile, along with other sources such as industry, biomass burning, road dust, and road vehicles.
In order to tackle these issues, China announced a new emissions reporting framework in 2022 to hold companies and industries accountable for the pollution they emit!
Highlight: Beijing Winter Olympics
There was a large decrease in PM2.5 concentrations during the Olympic Games in Beijing in February. Monthly concentrations decrease from 62.7 pg/m³ in 2021 to 22.5 µg/m³ in 2022.
All venues for the Games were powered only by renewable resources, and the focus was on the use of vehicles using sustainable energy sources.”
These new measures contributed to a trend of steady reductions in PM2.5 levels in Beijing. , which has declined by 20 percent over the past two years, with a major improvement in the winter months.
The data show the important results to be achieved by such an intervention strategy. Which makes it a promising framework for reducing air pollution.
| Language | English |
| No. of Pages | 47 |
| PDF Size | 3.27 MB |
| Category | General |
| Source/Credits | www.greenpeace.org |
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World Air Quality Report PDF Free Download