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Linux Commands List With Examples PDF Free Download
1000 Linux Commands
A Linux command is a program or utility that runs on the command line. A command line is an interface that accepts lines of text and processes them into instructions for your computer.
Any graphical user interface (GUI) is just an abstraction of command-line programs. For example, when you close a window by clicking on the “X,” there’s a command running behind that action.
A flag is a way we can pass options to the command you run. Most Linux commands have a help page that we can call with the flag -h
. Most of the time, flags are optional.
An argument or parameter is the input we give to a command so it can run properly. In most cases, the argument is a file path, but it can be anything you type in the terminal.
You can invoke flags using hyphens (-
) and double hyphens (--
), while argument execution depends on the order in which you pass them to the function.
Basic Linux Commands
All Linux commands fall into one of the following four categories:
- Shell builtins – Commands built directly into the shell with the fastest execution.
- Shell functions – Shell scripts (grouped commands).
- Aliases – Custom command shortcuts.
- Executable programs – Compiled and installed programs or scripts.
op 50 Linux Commands You Must Know as a Regular User
- ls – The most frequently used command in Linux to list directories
- pwd – Print working directory command in Linux
- cd – Linux command to navigate through directories
- mkdir – Command used to create directories in Linux
- mv – Move or rename files in Linux
- cp – Similar usage as mv but for copying files in Linux
- rm – Delete files or directories
- touch – Create blank/empty files
- ln – Create symbolic links (shortcuts) to other files
- cat – Display file contents on the terminal
- clear – Clear the terminal display
- echo – Print any text that follows the command
- less – Linux command to display paged outputs in the terminal
- man – Access manual pages for all Linux commands
- uname – Linux command to get basic information about the OS
- whoami – Get the active username
- tar – Command to extract and compress files in Linux
- grep – Search for a string within an output
- head – Return the specified number of lines from the top
- tail – Return the specified number of lines from the bottom
- diff – Find the difference between two files
- cmp – Allows you to check if two files are identical
- comm – Combines the functionality of diff and cmp
- sort – Linux command to sort the content of a file while outputting
- export – Export environment variables in Linux
- zip – Zip files in Linux
- unzip – Unzip files in Linux
- ssh – Secure Shell command in Linux
- service – Linux command to start and stop services
- ps – Display active processes
- kill and kill all – Kill active processes by process ID or name
- df – Display disk filesystem information
- mount – Mount file systems in Linux
- chmod – Command to change file permissions
- chown – Command for granting ownership of files or folders
- ifconfig – Display network interfaces and IP addresses
- traceroute – Trace all the network hops to reach the destination
- wget – Direct download files from the internet
- ufw – Firewall command
- iptables – Base firewall for all other firewall utilities to interface with
- apt, pacman, yum, rpm – Package managers depending on the distro
- sudo – Command to escalate privileges in Linux
- cal – View a command-line calendar
- alias – Create custom shortcuts for your regularly used commands
- dd – Majorly used for creating bootable USB sticks
- whereis – Locate the binary, source, and manual pages for a command
- whatis – Find what a command is used for
- top – View active processes live with their system usage
- useradd and usermod – Add a new user or change existing users data
- passwd – Create or update passwords for existing users
Now let’s dive a little deeper into each of these commands and understand them in more detail. We already have a lot of existing articles for each of those individual commands.
For your convenience, we’ll add links to all the existing articles, and continue to update the article as new topics are covered.
1. ls
Command
ls
is probably the first command every Linux user types in their terminal. It allows you to list the contents of the directory you want (the current directory by default), including files and other nested directories.
It has many options, so it might be good to get some help by using the --help
flag. This flag returns all the flags you can use with ls.
For example, to colorize the output of the ls
command, you can use the following:
ls --color=auto
Author | – |
Language | English |
No. of Pages | 3 |
PDF Size | 1 MB |
Category | Education |
Source/Credits | – |
Linux Commands List With Examples PDF Free Download