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Family Planning Methods PDF
India was the first country in the world to have launched a National Programme for Family Planning in 1952.
With its historic initiation in 1952, the Family Planning Programme has undergone transformation in terms of policy and actual programme implementation.
There occurred a gradual shift from clinical approach to the reproductive child health approach and further, the National Population Policy (NPP) in 2000 brought a holistic and a target free approach which helped in the reduction of fertility.
Over the years, the programme has been expanded to reach every nook and corner of the country and has penetrated the Primary Health Centres and Sub Centres in rural areas, Urban Family Welfare Centers and Post-partum Centers in the urban areas.
Technological advances, improved quality and coverage for healthcare have resulted in a rapid fall in the Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and growth rate (2011 Census showed the steepest decline in the decadal growth rate.)
The objectives, strategies and activities of the Family Planning division are designed and operate towards achieving the family welfare goals and objectives stated in various policy documents (NPP: National Population Policy 2000, NHP: National Health Policy 2002 and NRHM: National Rural Health Mission) and to honour the commitments of the Government of India (including ICPD: International Conference on Population and Development, MDG: Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals-SDG, FP-2020 summit and others).
Family planning has undergone a paradigm shift and emerged as one of the interventions to reduce maternal and infant mortalities and morbidities.
It is well-established that the states with high contraceptive prevalence rate have lower maternal and infant mortalities.
Greater investments in family planning can thus help mitigate the impact of high population growth by helping women achieve the desired family size and avoid unintended and mistimed pregnancies.
Further, contraceptive use can prevent recourse to induced abortion and eliminate most of these deaths.
Studies show that if the current unmet need for family planning could be fulfilled over the next 5 years, we can avert 35,000 maternal deaths, 1.2 million infant death, save more than Rs. 4450 crores and saveRs. 6500 crores, if safe abortion services are coupled with increased family planning services.
This strategic direction is the guiding principle in implementation of family planning programme in future
Contraceptive services under the National Family Welfare Programme
The methods available currently in India may be broadly divided into two categories, spacing methods and permanent methods. There is another method (emergency contraceptive pill) to be used in cases of emergency
Spacing Methods:- These are the reversible methods of contraception to be used by couples who wish to have children in future. These include:
A. Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs)
● These are hormonal pills which have to be taken by a woman, preferably at a fixed time, daily. The strip also contains additional placebo/iron pills to be consumed during the hormonal pill free days.
The method may be used by majority of women after screening by a trained provider.
● At present, there is a scheme for delivery of OCPs at the doorstep of beneficiaries by ASHA with a minimal charge. The brand “MALA-N” is available free of cost at all public healthcare facilities.
B. Condoms
● These are the barrier methods of contraception which offer the dual protection of preventing unwanted pregnancies as well as transmission of Reproductive Transmitted Infection/Sexually Transmitted Infection (RTI/STI) including HIV.
The brand “Nirodh” is available free of cost at government health facilities and supplied at the doorstep by the ASHAs for minimal cost.
C. Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCD)
● Copper containing IUCDs are a highly effective method for long term birth spacing.
● Should not be used by women with uterine anomalies or women with active PID or those who are at increased risk of STI/RTI (women with multiple partners).
● The acceptor needs to return for follow up visit after 1, 3 and 6 months of IUCD insertion as the expulsion rate is highest in this duration.
● Two types: o Cu IUCD 380A (10 yrs) o Cu IUCD 375 (5 yrs)
● New approach of method delivery- postpartum IUCD insertion by specially trained providers to tap the opportunities offered by institutional deliveries.
Permanent Methods:- These methods may be adopted by any member of the couple and are generally considered irreversible.
A. Female Sterilisation
● Two techniques: o Minilap: Minilaparotomy involves making a small incision in the abdomen.
The fallopian tubes are brought to the incision to be cut or blocked. Can be performed by a trained MBBS doctor.
o Laparoscopic: Laparoscopy involves inserting a long thin tube with a lens in it into the abdomen through a small incision.
This laparoscope enables the doctor to see and block or cut the fallopian tubes in the abdomen. Can be done only by trained and certified MBBS doctor or specialist.
B. Male Sterilisation
● Through a puncture or small incision in the scrotum, the provider locates each of the 2 tubes that carries sperm to the penis (vas deferens) and cuts or blocks it by cutting and tying it closed or by applying heat or electricity (cautery).
The procedure is performed by MBBS doctors trained in these. However, the couple needs to use an alternative method of contraception for first three months after sterilization till no sperms are detected in semen.
● Two techniques being used in India: o Conventional o Non- Scalpel Vasectomy – no incision, only puncture and hence no stitches
c. Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP)
● To be consumed in cases of emergency arising out of unplanned/unprotected intercourse and
● The pill should be consumed within 72 hours of the sexual act and should never be considered a replacement for a regular contraceptive.
| Language | English |
| No. of Pages | 24 |
| PDF Size | 1 MB |
| Category | Health |
| Source/Credits | mohfw.gov.in |
Family Planning India PDF Free Download