Basic English Grammar For Competitive Exams PDF

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Basics of Articles (Part 1 – A and An)

Articles are of TWO types. They are

Indefinite article —- A / An

Definite article —- The

What’s the difference?

If you want to say about ANY item, you should use the articles A / An.

If you want to say about a SPECIFIC item, you should use the article THE.

Confused? Let’s see an example. Assume that you’ve selected for a Bank Exam.

You have a stupid friend like me.

So obviously She will ask you to a party.

Suppose She says

 Let’s go to a Restaurant, that means She doesn’t have any specific restaurant in Her mind.

So you can give her a party in ANY cheap restaurant.

But,

 If she says let’s go to THE restaurant, that means She has some SPECIFICATIONS. I mean she
has a specific restaurant in her mind. So you can’t escape 😉
Well, this is the basic difference between A/An and The.

There are so many differences and usages between these articles. We shall discuss them later.
Ok, let’s discuss the Indefinite articles first.

Indefinite Articles :

A : The indefinite article ‘a’ is used before singular countable nouns that start with a Consonant sound.

An : The indefinite article ‘an” is used before singular countable nouns that start with a Vowel sound.

Omission of Articles

Till now we have learnt where should we use A , An and where should we use THE. Now we shall
learn where shouldn’t we use these articles. Following are the conditions where we shouldn’t use any
article.

 Before the common nouns man, woman, god, heaven, hell, when used in general sense
o Man is mortal but God is immortal
o Man proposes but god disposes
o Everybody wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die
o Note : But when particularized ‘the’ definite article is used.

 The man who is standing at the door is my uncle
o When it means one, the indefinite article is used.

 There is a man at the door

 Before abstract nouns, when generalized
o Honesty is the best policy
o Beauty should lie in one’s heart
o Bravery is a sign of man
o Note: But when these are particularized, THE is used
 The honesty the auto-driver showed was finally rewarded

 Before material nouns when Generalized
o Water is essential for all
o Sugar is sweet
o Wood is used for making furniture
o Gold is a precious metal
o But when particularized, THE definite article is used
 The water in this pond is pure
 The gold used for making this chain was 22 carat

 Before places like churches, Temple, Mosque, School, College, University, Hostel, Library, Class, Hospital, Jail (prison) etc.

When they are visited for their primary purpose

o ☓ He was an atheist, but nowadays he is going to the church
o ✔ He was an atheist, but nowadays he is going to church
o ☓ You should go to school regularly in order to get good marks
o ✔ You should go to school regularly in order to get good marks
o ✔ I went to the church to meet my friend (here I dint go for the primary

purpose(prayer))

o ✔ The man was put in jail for killing a woman
o ✔ The injured were taken to the hospital
o ☓ The injured were taken to the hospital

 But when these places are visited for their secondary purpose the definite article should be used.

o He went to the temple to meet the priest

o There is a school at the end of the street

 Before Breakfast, Brunch, Lunch, Dinner etc, when used in a general sense
o we usually take lunch at 1
o Breakfast is served between 7 and 9

 But when these are particularized, by an adjective, the indefinite article is used.
o We had a delicious lunch yesterday (here the lunch is particularized, so we used an indefinite article “a”)
o We are going to have a healthy breakfast

 Before plural nouns, when generalized
o Tigers are ferocious animals
o Cows are domestic animals
o Children like chocolates

Author
Language English
No. of Pages78
PDF Size12 MB
CategoryEnglish Grammar
Source/Creditsdrive.google.com

Basic English Grammar For Competitive Exams PDF PDF Free Download

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