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NCERT Class 11 Maths Textbook Chapter 12 With Answer PDF Free Download
Chapter 12: Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry
12.1 Introduction
You may recall that to locate the position of a point in a plane, we need two intersecting mutually perpendicular lines in the plane.
These lines are called the coordinate axes and the two numbers are called the coordinates of the point with respect to the axes.
In actual life, we do not have to deal with points lying in a plane only.
For example, consider the position of a ball thrown in space at different points of time or the position of an airplane as it flies from one place to another at different times during its flight.
Similarly, if we were to locate the position of the lowest tip of an electric bulb hanging from the ceiling of a room or the position of the central tip of the ceiling fan in a room,
we will not only require the perpendicular distances of the point to be located from two perpendicular walls of the room but also the height of the point from the floor of the room.
Therefore, we need not only two but three numbers representing the perpendicular distances of the point from three mutually perpendicular planes, namely the floor of the room and two adjacent walls of the room.
The three numbers representing the three distances are called the coordinates of the point with reference to the three coordinate planes. So, a point in space has three coordinates. In this chapter, we shall study the basic concepts of geometry in three-dimensional space.
| Author | NCERT |
| Language | English |
| No. of Pages | 13 |
| PDF Size | 962 KB |
| Category | Mathematics |
| Source/Credits | ncert.nic.in |
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Maths Chapter 12 Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry
1. A point is on the x-axis. What are its y coordinate and z-coordinates?
Solution:
If a point is on the x-axis, then the coordinates of y and z are 0.
So the point is (x, 0, 0).
2. A point is in the XZ plane. What can you say about its y-coordinate?
Solution:
If a point is in the XZ plane, then its y-coordinate is 0.
3. Name the octants in which the following points lie:
(1, 2, 3), (4, –2, 3), (4, –2, –5), (4, 2, –5), (– 4, 2, –5), (– 4, 2, 5), (–3, –1, 6) (2, – 4, –7).
Solution:
Here is the table which represents the octants:
| Octants | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII |
| x | + | – | – | + | + | – | – | + |
| y | + | + | – | – | + | + | – | – |
| z | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | – |
(i) (1, 2, 3)
Here x is positive, y is positive and z is positive.
So it lies in I octant.
(ii) (4, -2, 3)
Here x is positive, y is negative and z is positive.
So it lies in IV octant.
(iii) (4, -2, -5)
Here x is positive, y is negative and z is negative.
So it lies in VIII octant.
(iv) (4, 2, -5)
Here x is positive, y is positive and z is negative.
So it lies in V octant.
(v) (-4, 2, -5)
Here x is negative, y is positive and z is negative.
So it lies in VI octant.
(vi) (-4, 2, 5)
Here x is negative, y is positive and z is positive.
So it lies in II octant.
(vii) (-3, -1, 6)
Here x is negative, y is negative and z is positive.
So it lies in III octants.
(viii) (2, -4, -7)
Here x is positive, y is negative and z is negative.
So it lies in VIII octant.
4. Fill in the blanks:
(i) The x-axis and y-axis is taken together to determine a plane known as _______.
(ii) The coordinates of points in the XY-plane are of the form _______.
(iii) Coordinate planes divide the space into ______ octants.
Solution:
(i) The x-axis and y-axis is taken together to determine a plane known as XY Plane.
(ii) The coordinates of points in the XY-plane are of the form (x, y, 0).
(iii) Coordinate planes divide the space into eight octants.
NCERT Class 11 Maths Textbook Chapter 12 With Answer Book PDF Free Download