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NCERT Class 10 Maths Textbook Chapter 3 With Answer Book PDF Free Download
Chapter 3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
3.1 Introduction
You must have come across situations like the one given below: Akhila went to a fair in her village.
She wanted to enjoy rides on the Giant Wheel and play Hoopla (a game in which you throw a ring on the items kept in a stall, and if the ring covers any object completely, you get it).
The number of times she played Hoopla is half the number of rides she had on the Giant Wheel.
If each ride costs 4, how would you find out the number of rides she had and how many times she played Hoopla, provided she spent ` 20.
Maybe you will try it by considering different cases. If she has one ride, is it possible? Is it possible to have two rides? And so on.
Or you may use the knowledge of Class IX, to represent such situations as linear equations in two variables
3.3 Graphical Method of Solution of a Pair of Linear Equations
In the previous section, you have seen how we can graphically represent a pair of linear equations as two lines. You have also seen that the lines may intersect, or may be parallel, or may coincide.
Can we solve them in each case? And if so, how? We shall try and answer these questions from the geometrical point of view in this section.
Let us look at the earlier examples one by one. l In the situation of Example 1, find out how many rides on the Giant Wheel Akhila had, and how many times she played Hoopla.
3.4.2 Elimination Method
Now let us consider another method of eliminating (i.e., removing) one variable. This is sometimes more convenient than the substitution method. Let us see how this method works.
| Author | NCERT |
| Language | English |
| No. of Pages | 32 |
| PDF Size | 2.3 MB |
| Category | Mathematics |
| Source/ Credits | ncert.nic.in |
NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
2. On comparing the ratios a1/a2, b1/b2, c1/c2 find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident:
(i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y – 9 = 0
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
(iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2x – y + 9 = 0
Solutions:
(i) Given expressions;
5x−4y+8 = 0
7x+6y−9 = 0
Comparing these equations with a1x+b1y+c1 = 0
And a2x+b2y+c2 = 0
We get,
a1 = 5, b1 = -4, c1 = 8
a2 = 7, b2 = 6, c2 = -9
(a1/a2) = 5/7
(b1/b2) = -4/6 = -2/3
(c1/c2) = 8/-9
Since, (a1/a2) ≠ (b1/b2)
So, the pairs of equations given in the question have a unique solution and the lines cross each other at exactly one point.
(ii) Given expressions;
9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
Comparing these equations with a1x+b1y+c1 = 0
And a2x+b2y+c2 = 0
We get,
a1 = 9, b1 = 3, c1 = 12
a2 = 18, b2 = 6, c2 = 24
(a1/a2) = 9/18 = 1/2
(b1/b2) = 3/6 = 1/2
(c1/c2) = 12/24 = 1/2
Since (a1/a2) = (b1/b2) = (c1/c2)
So, the pairs of equations given in the question have infinite possible solutions and the lines are coincident.
(iii) Given Expressions;
6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2x – y + 9 = 0
Comparing these equations with a1x+b1y+c1 = 0
And a2x+b2y+c2 = 0
We get,
a1 = 6, b1 = -3, c1 = 10
a2 = 2, b2 = -1, c2 = 9
(a1/a2) = 6/2 = 3/1
(b1/b2) = -3/-1 = 3/1
(c1/c2) = 10/9
Since (a1/a2) = (b1/b2) ≠ (c1/c2)
So, the pairs of equations given in the question are parallel to each other and the lines never intersect each other at any point and there is no possible solution for the given pair of equations.
NCERT Class 10 Maths Textbook Chapter 3 With Answer Book PDF Free Download