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Controlling NCERT Textbook With Solutions PDF Free Download
Chapter 7: Controlling
It is quite clear from the example that all managers need to manage situations intelligently and take corrective action before any damage is done to the business.
The controlling function of management comes to the rescue of a manager here.
It not only helps in keeping a track of the progress of activities but also ensures that activities conform to the standards set in advance so that organisational goals are achieved.
Controlling is one of the important functions of a manager. In order to seek planned results from the subordinates, a manager needs to exercise effective control over the activities of the subordinates.
In Other words, controlling means ensuring that activities in an organisation are performed as per the plans.
Controlling also ensures that an organisation’s resources are being used effectively and efficiently for the achievement of predetermined goals. Controlling is, thus, a goal-oriented function.
The controlling function of a manager is a pervasive function. It is a primary function of every manager.
Managers at all levels of management— top, middle, and lower-need perform
controlling functions to keep control over activities in their areas.
Moreover, control is as much required in an educational institution, military, hospital, and club as in any business organization.
Controlling should not be misunderstood as the last function of management. It is a function that brings the management cycle back to the planning function.
The controlling function finds out how far actual performance deviates from standards, analyses the causes of such deviations and attempts to take corrective actions based on the same.
Controlling should not be misunderstood as the last function of management. It is a function that brings the management cycle back to the planning function.
The controlling the function finds out how far actual performance deviates from standards, analyses the causes of such deviations, and attempts to take corrective actions based on the same.
| Author | NCERT |
| Language | English |
| No. of Pages | 20 |
| PDF Size | 2 MB |
| Category | Business Studies |
| Source/Credits | ncert.nic.in |
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 8 Controlling
1. ‘Planning is looking ahead and controlling is looking back. Comment.
Planning is the process of creating a structure in advance regarding the work that needs to be done. It is helpful in defining the objectives and goals that need to be achieved by an individual or organisation.
Therefore, it is said that planning is about looking ahead which involves predicting about future. Controlling takes into consideration the assessment of past performance and comparing them with set standards.
Due to these characteristics, it can be said to be a backward-looking future. But all these statements are partially correct, as planning is done based on past experiences and how to do better, similarly controlling although looks at past performance, its aim is to improve the future performance.
Hence it can be said that both planning and controlling are both forward and backward-looking functions.
2. ‘An effort to control everything may end up in controlling nothing’. Explain.
This statement is with regard to the principle of management by exception. In this rule, it is said that it is not possible to control everything effectively.
This principle states that instead of trying to control all the deviations, there should be some defined ranges that are set up and only when the deviations go beyond the range then it should be notified to managers for control measures.
3. Write a short note on budgetary control as a technique of managerial control.
Budgetary control is a technique that is related to preparing of plans in the form of budgets.
It is a financial statement that tells us what needs to be achieved and the policies that need to be followed for the time period. Performance is compared with the standards that were set in the budget.
Such a comparison helps in the identification of deviation and helps in taking corrective steps. There can be different budgets for different divisions.
Budgets act as motivation for the employees and encourage the employees to reach their objectives. With proper budgeting measures, resources can be evenly distributed and utilized appropriately.
4. Explain how management audit serves as an effective technique of control.
Management audit is the process of appraisal of the management in an organization. It is useful in improving the effectiveness of the management and also increases efficiency.
It evaluates the functions of the managers and highlights areas where deficiencies are observed. The following point will be helpful in explaining the importance of management audit as a technique of controlling:
1. It helps in identifying deficiencies in the work which will help in taking corrective measures necessary for the improvement.
2. By performing a management audits, various management activities can be monitored which helps in improving the overall efficiency of the organisation.
3. Enhanced coordination can be observed between employees and departments as work is monitored for effectiveness.
4. Helps organisation to adapt to environmental changes and this can be ensured by having strategies and policies updated continuously.
5. Mr. Arfaaz had been heading the production department of Write well Products Ltd., a firm manufacturing stationary items. The firm secured an export order that had to be completed on a priority basis and production targets were defined for all the employees. One of the workers, Mr. Bhanu Prasad, fell short of his daily production target by 10 units for two days consecutively. Mr. Arfaaz approached MsVasundhara, the CEO of the Company, to file a complaint against Mr. Bhanu Prasad and requested her to terminate his services. Explain the principle of management control that MsVasundhara should consider while making her decision.
In this situation, the principle of management by exception should be followed. This principle states that any effort to control everything may end up having control of nothing.
Only deviations that are beyond the limit will need to be acknowledged and appropriate actions need to be taken. Therefore Mr. Bhanu should not be terminated for such a small reason.
NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Textbook Chapter 8 With Answer PDF Free Download