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NCERT Class 10 Maths Textbook Chapter 5 With Answer Book PDF Free Download
Chapter 5: Arithmetic Progressions
5.1 Introduction
You must have observed that in nature, many things follow a certain pattern, such as the petals of a sunflower, the holes of a honeycomb, the grains on a maize cob, the spirals on pineapple and on a pine cone, etc.
We now look for some patterns which occur in our day-to-day life. Some such examples are :
(i) Reena applied for a job and got selected. She has been offered a job with a starting monthly salary of 8000, with an annual increment of 500 in her salary. Her salary (in `) for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, . . . years will be, respectively 8000, 8500, 9000, . . . .
(ii) The lengths of the rungs of a ladder decrease uniformly by 2 cm from bottom to top (see Fig. 5.1). The bottom rung is 45 cm in length. The lengths (in cm) of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, . . ., 8th rung from the bottom to the top are, respectively 45, 43, 41, 39, 37, 35, 33, 31
| Author | NCERT |
| Language | English |
| No. of Pages | 24 |
| PDF Size | 1729 KB |
| Category | Mathematics |
| Source/ Credits | ncert.nic.in |
NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions
1. In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved make an arithmetic progression and why?
(i) The taxi fare after each km when the fare is Rs 15 for the first km and Rs 8 for each additional km.
Solution:
We can write the given condition as;
Taxi fare for 1 km = 15
Taxi fare for first 2 kms = 15+8 = 23
Taxi fare for first 3 kms = 23+8 = 31
Taxi fare for first 4 kms = 31+8 = 39
And so on……
Thus, 15, 23, 31, 39 … forms an A.P. because every next term is 8 more than the preceding term.
(ii) The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump removes 1/4 of the air remaining in the cylinder at a time.
Solution:
Let the volume of air in a cylinder, initially, be V liters.
In each stroke, the vacuum pump removes 1/4th of air remaining in the cylinder at a time. Or we can say, after every stroke, 1-1/4 = 3/4th part of air will remain.
Therefore, volumes will be V, 3V/4, (3V/4)2, (3V/4)3…and so on
Clearly, we can see here, the adjacent terms of this series do not have a common difference between them. Therefore, this series is not an A.P.
(iii) The cost of digging a well after every meter of digging, when costs Rs 150 for the first meter and rises by Rs 50 for each subsequent metre.
Solution:
We can write the given condition as;
Cost of digging a well for first metre = Rs.150
Cost of digging a well for first 2 metres = Rs.150+50 = Rs.200
Cost of digging a well for first 3 metres = Rs.200+50 = Rs.250
Cost of digging a well for first 4 metres =Rs.250+50 = Rs.300
And so on..
Clearly, 150, 200, 250, 300 … forms an A.P. with a common difference of 50 between each term.
(iv) The amount of money in the account every year, when Rs 10000 is deposited at compound interest at 8% per annum.
Solution:
We know that if Rs. P is deposited at r% compound interest per annum for n years, the amount of money will be:
P(1+r/100)n
Therefore, after each year, the amount of money will be;
10000(1+8/100), 10000(1+8/100)2, 10000(1+8/100)3……
Clearly, the terms of this series do not have a common difference between them. Therefore, this is not an A.P.
2. Write the first four terms of the A.P. when the first term a and the common difference are given as follows:
(i) a = 10, d = 10
(ii) a = -2, d = 0
(iii) a = 4, d = – 3
(iv) a = -1 d = 1/2
(v) a = – 1.25, d = – 0.25
Solutions:
(i) a = 10, d = 10
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progression series be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a1 = a = 10
a2 = a1+d = 10+10 = 20
a3 = a2+d = 20+10 = 30
a4 = a3+d = 30+10 = 40
a5 = a4+d = 40+10 = 50
And so on…
Therefore, the A.P. series will be 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 …
And First four terms of this A.P. will be 10, 20, 30, and 40.
(ii) a = – 2, d = 0
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progression series be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a1 = a = -2
a2 = a1+d = – 2+0 = – 2
a3 = a2+d = – 2+0 = – 2
a4 = a3+d = – 2+0 = – 2
Therefore, the A.P. series will be – 2, – 2, – 2, – 2 …
And, First four terms of this A.P. will be – 2, – 2, – 2 and – 2.
(iii) a = 4, d = – 3
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progression series be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a1 = a = 4
a2 = a1+d = 4-3 = 1
a3 = a2+d = 1-3 = – 2
a4 = a3+d = -2-3 = – 5
Therefore, the A.P. series will be 4, 1, – 2 – 5 …
And, first four terms of this A.P. will be 4, 1, – 2 and – 5.
(iv) a = – 1, d = 1/2
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progression series be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a2 = a1+d = -1+1/2 = -1/2
a3 = a2+d = -1/2+1/2 = 0
a4 = a3+d = 0+1/2 = 1/2
Thus, the A.P. series will be-1, -1/2, 0, 1/2
And First four terms of this A.P. will be -1, -1/2, 0 and 1/2.
(v) a = – 1.25, d = – 0.25
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progression series be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a1 = a = – 1.25
a2 = a1 + d = – 1.25-0.25 = – 1.50
a3 = a2 + d = – 1.50-0.25 = – 1.75
a4 = a3 + d = – 1.75-0.25 = – 2.00
Therefore, the A.P series will be 1.25, – 1.50, – 1.75, – 2.00 ……..
And first four terms of this A.P. will be – 1.25, – 1.50, – 1.75 and – 2.00.
3. For the following A.P.s, write the first term and the common difference.
(i) 3, 1, – 1, – 3 …
(ii) -5, – 1, 3, 7 …
(iii) 1/3, 5/3, 9/3, 13/3 ….
(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 …
Solutions
(i) Given series,
3, 1, – 1, – 3 …
First term, a = 3
Common difference, d = Second term – First term
⇒ 1 – 3 = -2
⇒ d = -2
(ii) Given series, – 5, – 1, 3, 7 …
First term, a = -5
Common difference, d = Second term – First term
⇒ ( – 1)-( – 5) = – 1+5 = 4
(iii) Given series, 1/3, 5/3, 9/3, 13/3 ….
First term, a = 1/3
Common difference, d = Second term – First term
⇒ 5/3 – 1/3 = 4/3
(iv) Given series, 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 …
First term, a = 0.6
Common difference, d = Second term – First term
⇒ 1.7 – 0.6
⇒ 1.1
NCERT Class 10 Maths Textbook Chapter 5 With Answer Book PDF Free Download